PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy) is a type of laser eye surgery designed to correct vision problems such as nearsightedness (myopia), farsightedness (hyperopia), and astigmatism. Unlike LASIK, which creates a corneal flap, PRK involves the gentle removal of the outer layer of the cornea (epithelium) before reshaping the underlying tissue with an excimer laser. This makes PRK an excellent option for patients with thin corneas or those involved in high-impact activities.
Developed in the 1980s, PRK was the first laser vision correction procedure approved by the FDA. While newer techniques like LASIK have gained popularity, PRK remains a trusted choice due to its safety and effectiveness, especially for patients who may not be ideal LASIK candidates. The recovery process is slightly longer than LASIK, but the long-term results are comparable, offering crisp, clear vision without the need for glasses or contact lenses.
If you're considering laser eye surgery but have been told you're not a candidate for LASIK, PRK might be the perfect alternative. Let’s dive deeper into how this procedure works and what you can expect.
PRK works by reshaping the cornea—the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye—using a precise excimer laser. The cornea plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina, and imperfections in its shape cause refractive errors. By altering the cornea’s curvature, PRK allows light to focus correctly, improving vision.
The procedure begins with the removal of the cornea’s thin outer layer (epithelium), either with a gentle brush, laser, or diluted alcohol solution. Unlike LASIK, no flap is created. Once the epithelium is removed, the surgeon uses a computer-guided excimer laser to vaporize microscopic amounts of corneal tissue, correcting its shape. The entire process takes about 10-15 minutes per eye.
After the laser treatment, a protective bandage contact lens is placed over the eye to promote healing as the epithelium regenerates naturally over the next few days. Because PRK doesn’t involve cutting a flap, it eliminates risks associated with flap complications, making it a safer choice for certain patients.
Both PRK and LASIK are effective laser vision correction procedures, but they differ in technique, recovery, and suitability. The main difference lies in how the cornea is accessed. LASIK involves creating a thin flap in the cornea, which is lifted before laser reshaping. PRK, on the other hand, removes the outer epithelial layer entirely without creating a flap.
Key Differences:
Which is Better? Neither is universally superior—it depends on your eye health, lifestyle, and surgeon’s recommendation. PRK is often preferred for athletes, military personnel, or those with corneal irregularities, while LASIK is popular for its rapid recovery.
PRK is an excellent option for many, but not everyone is an ideal candidate. The best candidates for PRK include:
If you’re considering PRK, a comprehensive eye exam with a qualified surgeon will determine your eligibility. Age (typically 18+), overall health, and realistic expectations also play a role in candidacy.
Understanding the PRK process can ease anxiety and help you prepare. Here’s what happens during the procedure:
The entire process takes about 15 minutes per eye. You’ll need someone to drive you home, as your vision will be blurry initially. Most patients feel minimal pain during the procedure but may experience discomfort afterward.
PRK recovery is longer than LASIK but manageable with proper care. Here’s what to expect:
First 24-72 Hours: Blurry vision, light sensitivity, and mild discomfort are common. Your surgeon will prescribe pain relievers and antibiotic drops.
First Week: The epithelium regenerates, and the bandage contact lens is removed once healing is complete. Avoid rubbing your eyes.
1-3 Months: Vision gradually stabilizes. Some patients experience fluctuations in clarity during this period.
Aftercare Tips:
Most patients resume normal activities within a week, but full visual acuity may take a few months.
PRK is safe, but like any surgery, it carries some risks:
Choosing an experienced surgeon significantly reduces risks. Discuss concerns during your consultation to ensure realistic expectations.
PRK offers unique advantages:
For many, PRK’s safety profile and effectiveness make it the best choice for lasting vision freedom.
Is PRK painful?
PRK itself is painless due to numbing drops, but mild discomfort lasts 2-3 days post-op.
How long does PRK last?
Results are permanent, but age-related conditions (e.g., presbyopia) may require reading glasses later.
Can PRK treat astigmatism?
Yes! PRK effectively corrects astigmatism up to 6.00 diopters.
When can I drive after PRK?
Most patients wait 3-7 days, depending on vision clarity.